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Deciduous shade trees (the type of trees whose leaves fall off in autumn) need to be pruned in late winter—between February and March. That’s because it’s easier to find and remove sick or dead branches when no leaves are present. And wounds close and heal faster in colder temperatures so pruning them at this time also makes them less prone to infection.

Pruning a tree is a yearly DIY job that involves removing small dead branches, leaves, and blooms to help the tree grow bigger and stronger. You can often complete the job with basic home gardening tools. Trimming a tree, however, removes larger sections to control the direction the tree grows in and protects your home, utility wires, and yard from potentially dangerous branches.

Whether tree roots will continue to grow after a tree has been cut down depends on the species. Some tree roots will eventually die because they can no longer get nutrients through photosynthesis. However, other species that reproduce through root sprouts can continue to grow and produce new sprouts for seven years or more. For example, the roots of elms, ficus, and willows tend to regrow aggressively, while the roots of pines, oaks, and maples will typically die. To determine if a root system is still active, look for new sprouts on the old trunk, stump, or any exposed roots.

Most experts recommend removing a tree that has sustained more than 25% loss in the limbs, trunk, or circumference of the bark. Doing an initial trimming of damaged and dangling branches, but then waiting a few days of monitoring to decide how much more you might need to cut can help you better assess the total damage to the tree. However, consulting a tree maintenance pro to make this determination the best course of action before removing a tree.