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Deciduous shade trees (the type of trees whose leaves fall off in autumn) need to be pruned in late winter—between February and March. That’s because it’s easier to find and remove sick or dead branches when no leaves are present. And wounds close and heal faster in colder temperatures so pruning them at this time also makes them less prone to infection.

Light-bark trees are most notorious for producing lots of sap when wounded. These varieties include maples, birches, poplars, dogwoods, magnolias, and elms, and they will bleed more when the trees are dormant. That’s why it’s a good idea to prune them in the summer months rather than waiting until winter.

No, you should never top maple trees. Topping injures the tree and leads to the rapid growth of a weak canopy, which can be hazardous to rooftops and utility lines. Removing the crown can also leave the interior bark vulnerable to sun damage, leading to insects and disease. A topped tree can also reduce property value and permanently damage the appearance of a tree.

Since each tree is different, it’s impossible to say how long a dead tree can remain on your property. While it could be days, months, or even years, it’s highly likely that, at some point, the tree will fall. In the meantime, dying or dead trees can become a haven for pests, so it’s best to have them removed sooner rather than later.