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Horticulturist is a broad term for any type of plant and soil expert. An arborist, meanwhile, specializes in all aspects of tree care. You should hire an arborist when you need assistance with tree-related tasks, such as pruning large trees, removing trees, diagnosing a sick tree, or emergency tree services. Horticulturists aren’t qualified to handle those types of tasks.

Trees that flower in the spring—like dogwood, cherry, magnolia, and pear—should not be pruned during the winter. These spring-flowering plants grow buds on old growth, so you’ll actually remove what would’ve been gorgeous flowering foliage. Instead, wait to prune until right after they bloom, when the flowers fade.

No, you should never top maple trees. Topping injures the tree and leads to the rapid growth of a weak canopy, which can be hazardous to rooftops and utility lines. Removing the crown can also leave the interior bark vulnerable to sun damage, leading to insects and disease. A topped tree can also reduce property value and permanently damage the appearance of a tree.

You should not trim an oak tree in the summer. Oak trees are especially susceptible to disease, and open tree wounds are an invitation for beetles that carry tree-killing fungus. If there’s no risk that the oak tree will do damage to your property or hurt someone, it’s best to save the trimming for fall or winter. If you can, seal the wound with latex to prevent fungus from getting inside.