Shower Plumbing Diagram: The Parts of a Shower and How They Work

We use our showers almost every day—but do you ever think about how your shower works? Showers have very specific plumbing, and your water goes through a few different steps before you can use it to rinse off. This handy shower plumbing diagram will show you the parts of a shower in motion. Here’s what you need to know.

External Parts of a Shower

When most of us think of a shower, we think of the external parts: the flooring, the showerhead, the walls, etc. Though showers may have slightly different parts depending on the design, all showers have a few essentials.

Shower Head

The shower head is where water comes out of your shower. There are different types of shower heads. The most basic attach to the wall with little ability to adjust or customize, though rain shower heads are typically mounted on the ceiling. Some homeowners choose dual shower heads, which you can switch between using a diverter. In that case, one of the shower heads is usually a hand shower.

Shower Arm

Your shower head is mounted on a shower arm. This is a small pipe that connects your shower head to the wall (or the ceiling if you have a rain shower head) and interior plumbing. 

Shower Valve

The shower valve is also known as the shower controls. This is what helps you adjust the temperature and flow of water in your shower. It’s typically mounted in the center of your wall, at arm level beneath your shower head.

Shower valves contain a shower cartridge, which is the inner device that controls the water when you move the handles on the valve. Shower valves may have one lever or two handles to control temperature. 

Shower Enclosure

Shower enclosures look different depending on the type of shower. Some showers are enclosed with a shower rod and a curtain. Others have a glass enclosure. In this case, the enclosure consists of glass panels fit in a metal frame, as well as a glass door with a handle. Some shower doors in smaller shower stalls may fold or slide instead of swing open.

Shower Walls

Shower walls are just what they sound like: the walls of your shower. There are different materials used to make shower walls. Some showers (particularly tub-shower combos) are made with prefabricated shower walls. Higher-end showers may have walls made from tile. This is more common with walk-in showers. 

Shower Floor 

The shower floor is the part of the shower you stand on. Shower floors have a specific slope to help direct water to the drain and make sure that water doesn’t overflow into the rest of your bathroom. 

In prefab showers, the shower floor is made from a shower pan, which is a single piece fitted for a drain hole. Alternatively, you may have a floor made from tiles. If you have a shower-tub combo, you’ll have a bathtub instead of a shower floor.

Plumbing Parts of a Shower

The plumbing for a shower is typically hidden behind the shower walls. There are two sections: the plumbing that supplies water to your shower and the drainage system that takes water away from your shower. This shower plumbing diagram will show you the key parts.

Drain

The drain is the start of your shower’s drainage system. It’s typically topped with a strainer that helps prevent clogs caused by hair and other debris. Typically, a gasket helps secure the strainer to the drain body. The drain itself is attached to a drain pipe.

Most drains are square or circular, though some showers have a linear drain design that’s slightly different. 

Drain Pipe

The drain pipe is a long pipe that helps move water from your shower drain to your home’s wider drainage system. If you look at a shower drain plumbing diagram, you’ll find that this pipe runs vertically into a shower trap. Typically, drain pipes in showers are two inches in diameter.

Shower Trap

The shower trap runs from the drain pipe to the waste outlet pipe. This curved section of piping serves two purposes. The water inside the pipe acts as a barrier that prevents odors from seeping up from the sewer. The trap also catches debris to help prevent clogs deeper in your home’s plumbing, which could require major repairs. 

Waste Outlet Pipe

The waste outlet pipe directly connects your shower drainage system to the drainage system for the rest of your house, which drains into the main sewer line. This section of piping runs from your shower trap to your home’s main drainage stack. In some cases, a shower may share a waste outlet pipe with a toilet or sink.

Water Supply Lines

The water supply lines are the pipes that provide your shower with water. They’re usually connected to your home's main water line and hidden behind the shower wall. Your shower will have both a cold and hot water line which connects to your shower valve (shower controls) to allow you to control the temperature of the water. 

Shut-Off Valve

Showers may have a water shut-off valve that’s hidden behind an access panel—but it depends on how you plumb your bathroom. The valve stops the flow of water, so you don’t need to turn off your home’s main water supply to make shower repairs. Not all showers have a separate shut-off valve, but it is common.

Shower Diverter

Diverters redirect the flow of water in your shower—typically from a bathtub faucet to a showerhead (if you have a shower-tub combo) or from a showerhead to a hand shower (if you have a rain shower head). Not all showers have a diverter; it depends on the design. 

If your shower does have a diverter, it’s usually located on the shower valve or on the spout for your bathtub. 

Shower Diverter Pipe

Once you switch on the shower diverter, the diverter pipe will carry water to your shower arm and it will flow out of your showerhead. In most shower designs, the diverter pipe is hidden behind the wall.

Additional Parts of a Shower

Some parts of a shower are optional. Depending on the design, your shower may or may not have these additional features.

Tub Faucet 

If you have a shower-tub combo, you’ll have a bathtub faucet that you can use to fill your bathtub with water. The faucet consists of a spout, but may or may not include temperature controls. Sometimes, the tub and shower share controls. If your tub has its own controls, you’ll typically have one handle that controls the hot water and one handle that controls the cold water. 

Hand Shower

Certain shower styles have a separate hand shower. This device helps make showering more accessible, particularly for families with children or those with mobility issues. They’re especially common in showers that have a rain shower head, which typically has a weaker flow. 

If your shower has a hand shower, you can enable it by switching the diverter. The hand shower is usually mounted on a bar, and you can remove it by lifting the nozzle. The nozzle is attached to a hose, which acts as the shower arm but enables you to move the nozzle.

Slide Bar

Some showers have a slide bar that allows you to adjust the height of a showerhead or mounted hand shower. The slide bar is attached to the shower wall and has a bracket that holds it in place.

Escutcheon

The escutcheon is a decorative plate that covers the hole where plumbing goes through a wall. Some showers have an escutcheon between the wall and the shower arm. You may also find an escutcheon around a bathtub faucet.

How to Maintain Different Parts of a Shower

The typical shower installation costs $4,150 to $12,000, and you can increase your shower’s lifespan by maintaining the individual parts. Here are some tips and tricks:

• Establish a weekly cleaning routine: Clean your shower walls, floor, and enclosure weekly to help combat mold and mildew before it stains the caulk and grout. You may want to do a deep clean every other week.

• Squeegee: Squeegee the glass after use to prevent hard water buildup. To combat soap scum and mineral deposits, squeegee walls with a no-rinse shower cleaner.

• Descale your shower head: You should clean your shower head once a month to prevent mold, mildew, and mineral deposits that can clog the nozzle. To descale the showerhead, soak it in a bag of vinegar—just tie the bag around the shower arm.

• Call a pro: A small leak can turn into a larger problem if you put off repairs for too long. As soon as you notice signs that your bathroom needs new plumbing, bring in a pro. Sometimes the fix is as simple as swapping out a shower cartridge or installing a new shower head.