8 Tips to Winterize Your Pipes and Prevent Plumbing Issues

Preparing your home for the winter is more than buying wreaths and inflatable Santas. You should prep your pipes for the cold long before it’s the season to deck the halls—in fact, winterizing your home is a Thanksgiving plumbing tip. Not caring for your pipes before winter sets in could lead to finding frozen pipes in your home and expensive repairs. But you can take several preemptive steps to winterize your pipes, ensuring you're prepared and that your pipes will survive the snow.

1. Insulate Your Pipes

Plumbing winterization starts with insulation. Pipes in places like the attic, crawl space, or garage are more likely to freeze—especially when temperatures drop to 20 degrees Fahrenheit or lower. Using a combination of heat cables and insulation is worth it to help protect pipes from freezing. You can find insulation tools in your local hardware or plumbing supply store.

But keep in mind: Just using insulation alone won’t be enough to keep your pipes warm, and it can even prevent heat from getting to the pipes. So it’s important to use insulation and heat cables as your pipe protection dream team.

2. Disconnect Outdoor Hoses 

To winterize outside faucets and pipes, disconnect the hoses from the outdoor faucets and drain any existing water in the hose. If possible, it's also a good idea to turn off the water supply to the outdoor faucet and open it up to drain any remaining water in the pipes. 

3. Let Your Faucets Drip

On extra-cold nights, turn on faucets along exterior walls and let them drip through the cold. Keeping dripping faucets eliminates the pressure that can build between the faucet and any potential ice blockage. So even if the pipe freezes, it might not burst.

4. Open Sink Cabinets

Introduce more heat by opening the cabinet doors below your sinks. This small act lets more heat get to the pipes within.

5. Fix Exterior Cracks

Before winter arrives, inspect your home’s exterior and look for any cracks or holes. Fill these imperfections with spray foam insulation and caulking to help stop the cold air from getting to your pipes.

6. Seal Off Your Crawl Space

Pier and beam homes with ventilated crawl spaces should be sealed against the cold weather. Cover your vents with heavy-duty pieces of cardboard cut to size and duct tape the cardboard in place. Don't forget to seal off access to the crawl space, too.

If you have a basement, look for cracks in any basement windows that could allow cold air to make contact with pipes. Also, check for worn or missing insulation around the garage and utility doors.

7. Keep the Heat On

Turning your heat off is a bad idea, even if you’re planning to be away from home. The money you’ll save on your heating bill won’t exactly cover the cost of fixing damage from a burst pipe! So if you’re traveling for the holidays, set the thermostat to 55 degrees Fahrenheit or higher.

8. Remove Excessive Air from Pipes

This optional step can help improve water flow in pipes and prevent cold air from freezing the pipes from the inside out. While the step alone likely won’t make any significant difference in preventing pipes from freezing, removing air from pipes does help keep water flow steady in the pipes, which can help prevent pressure from building up inside them until they burst. 

Signs Your Pipes Are Frozen

There are several signs of frozen pipes to look out for, including:

• Little or no water coming out of your faucets

• Visible frost on the pipes

• Foul odors coming from your drain or faucet

• Unusually low water pressure

• Water hammer sounds coming from the pipes

• Strange-tasting water

• Bulging or leaking pipes

• Gurgling or bubbling sounds when you turn on the faucet or flush the toilet

• Your water heater isn’t working properly

How to Thaw Frozen Pipes 

If you're wondering what to do when your pipes freeze, there are a few steps you can take to help thaw them and get them back in working order. Start by turning on the faucets in your house to identify where the frozen pipes are. If there's little or no water coming out of a faucet, then your frozen pipe is likely nearby, leading to the faucet. You might also be able to identify frozen pipes by looking for visible frost on them. 

Once you identify the culprit, turn on the nearby faucet to relieve any pressure from the system and allow water to drain out as the pipes thaw. Make sure to turn on both the cold and hot handles. 

Now it's time to start the thawing process by applying heat to the pipes. You can use a hair dryer and/or heating pad to help warm them up; you can also use a space heater, but make sure you use a gradual heat setting and supervise the process to avoid any damage. Don't use any fire or other forms of extreme heat. The thawing process can take a while, so try to be patient. 

Once the water starts flowing again, inspect the faucet and surrounding pipes for any leaks or other damage that might have occurred during the freeze. If you find any damage, call a licensed plumber or a plumber near you to help.