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Visible cracks, scaling, flaking, and uneven surfaces indicate a bad concrete job. Additional signs vary depending on the project. You may notice poor drainage or even exposed rebar. Quality issues result from using the wrong concrete, rushing the work, or inexperienced workers completing the job.

Yes, slab foundations can sink just like any other foundation type. Floating slabs are the most prone to differential settlement and foundation sinking because they sit directly on the surface of the earth. Slab foundations that have footings—including slab-on-grade foundations and monolithic slab foundations—get additional support from soil further down and are less likely to sink over time, especially under larger, heavier structures.

You can buy a home with foundation issues, but understanding the extent of the problem and what solution you need is critical. If you learn that a home you’re trying to buy has a foundation problem, it’s not necessarily a deal breaker, but you should have a professional assess the issue to see how severe it is and know when to walk away from a foundation problem. Foundation issues can necessitate simple and affordable solutions or complex work that costs thousands. 

If your concrete steps have crumbled or chipped, you can fix them by removing any chips or flakes, cleaning and wetting the affected area, applying a concrete bonding agent, and finally applying new concrete, usually in the form of Portland cement. For widespread damage, you can consider concrete resurfacing instead. For fixing concrete spalling that has led to deep damage, you might need to remove damaged material, add structural supports, and pour new concrete into a mold.