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Every exterior wall in a house should have insulation. Municipalities require that new construction homes come with adequate insulation to handle the local climate. The state or local building code lays out the minimum insulation requirements. Interior walls seldom have insulation. Exceptions include interior wall insulation for sound dampening or temperature control of specific rooms.

The most obvious con of injection foam is the cost. It’s much more expensive to install than fiberglass or spray foam, but it may be your only option (unless you want to remove entire walls around the home). Another con is that it involves drilling into existing material, which has to be repaired after the foam is injected. Some injection foams are made from products that aren’t environmentally friendly, and improper installation can lead to trapped moisture, which can lead to expensive mold remediation down the road. 

If the temperature outside is around 90 or 100 degrees with the sun beating on your home’s roof, it’s common for the attic temperature to reach 150 degrees or more. This excessive heat shows the importance of having a radiant barrier in place along with insulation. The radiant barrier reflects the heat entering the attic back upward, keeping your home’s temperature more consistent.

Whether or not you need to insulate exposed ductwork depends on state and local building codes. There is no national requirement for duct insulation. Even if your local codes don't require it, duct insulation can be useful to increase the efficiency of old, thin, or flexible duct materials. Ducts should also be insulated in basements and ceilings to avoid condensation.