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The main difference between a water softener and a water filter is what they remove from the water. A water softener is specifically designed to remove hard minerals, while a filter removes a wider range of contaminants above a certain size, such as bacteria and other impurities. If your primary goal is to remove minerals, a softener is the best choice. If you want to remove various contaminants for safety or taste, a filter is more suitable. Filters are also typically less expensive to install. Depending on your water supply's specific issues, you may need to install both systems for comprehensive treatment.

Most experts agree there’s not much difference health-wise between hard water versus soft water. That said, hard water is more likely to cause skin dryness and issues that go along with it, like an itchy or flaky scalp. Hard water can also decrease the life span of your household appliances and make it more difficult for soap to do its job.

The most accurate way to determine whether you have hard water is to purchase a water test kit from a hardware store or send a tap water sample to a lab. But there are some signs you can look out for without professional testing. For instance, if you're consistently dealing with mineral stains on your glassware, windows, and shower doors, you're likely to have hard water. Hard water can also make it harder to lather and rinse soap, so if you're struggling to work up a good lather in the shower, hard water might be the culprit.

Hard water isn’t necessarily bad for you. In some ways, it’s good for you. If you’re deficient in magnesium or calcium, hard water can give you a mineral boost that you wouldn’t get with soft water. However, this is where the benefits of hard water pretty much stop. Hard water can cause many minor inconveniences and lead to costly, premature replacements of your water-using appliances.