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The most common defect in a flat roof is leaking. Flat roofs have minimal slope, so water pools more readily on a flat roof than on a sloped roof, and the risk of the waterproof membrane failing increases with exposure. Tears and punctures from foot traffic and blown debris are other common problems, especially with single-ply roofing membranes like TPO and EPDM roofs.

Single-ply roofing lasts for between 15 and 30 years, depending on the type you install and the climate in your area. TPO roofing has the shortest lifespan of 15 to 30 years, followed by PVC, which lasts for 20 to 30 years. EPDM roofing is the longest-lasting single-ply roofing option, with a lifespan of 30 to 40 years. Keep in mind that hail, strong winds, blown debris, and foot traffic can all reduce how long your flat roof lasts.

You can install a spray foam roof over shingles, but it may compromise the roof’s protective qualities or shorten its lifespan. Before installing a new roof, ask a qualified roofer if your existing roof needs to be removed before installing a spray foam roof so you ensure your home has quality, long-lasting protection. 

Depending on the type of damage your roof shingles have, you may be able to simply repair them without having to replace them. However, if there are more than a few to repair, replacement is likely the easier option. You may only need to replace a few of them. Repair shingles by applying roofing sealant directly under the shingle's damage and then directly over it.