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Roaches multiply quickly, which is why an infestation can spread so fast. Female American cockroaches lay about 12 eggs in each egg case, called an ootheca. They can lay six to 14 ootheca during their short lifespan. German cockroaches lay four to five ootheca in their lifetime, with each carrying 20 to 40 eggs. Many roaches can have 100 to over 200 offspring during their lifespan.

It’s very uncommon for roaches to bite humans. Cockroaches don’t need humans for food and prefer to be elsewhere than on a living being. They have no poison or powerful pincers to cause any significant damage. However, in very bad infestations cockroaches have been known to search humans for dead skin cells, which leads to them nibbling around feet, hands, and eyelashes. They don’t cause any serious harm, but this is an easy way to spread the diseases cockroaches carry.

The best way to ward off roaches is to take preventative measures and stay on top of routine extermination services. Keep them away by cleaning your kitchen free from crumbs, properly storing away food, covering your pet’s food bowl, and reducing moisture in your home to make your house less tempting for roaming cockroaches. Remove clutter—especially cardboard boxes that roaches love to hide in, and replace them with plastic tubs.

Gel bait and gel bait traps use poison to kill cockroaches, and aren’t safe to use around pets. Many gel bait traps are called “child-resistant,” but this only means that the traps are hard to rip open for children. Large pets and children are still able to swallow them. If you use gel bait, use it in areas where pets and children can’t access them, such as under a washing machine. Another option is to use glue traps, which don’t contain pesticides and are safe to use around pets.