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Although they have similar applications, spackle and joint compound are not the same. Their primary differences lie in their composition, consistency, and ideal use cases.

Spackle is composed of gypsum and binding agents, making it thicker than joint compound. It dries quickly and is easy to sand, which makes it ideal for small wall repair projects like filling nail holes or patching minor damage.

Joint compound, also known as drywall mud, consists of limestone and gypsum. It is primarily used for large-scale projects, such as taping and finishing the seams on newly installed drywall. It tends to shrink more than spackle and can be more difficult to spread.

While both products can be used to fill small depressions and cracks, spackle cannot replace joint compound for taping and mudding new drywall. Conversely, you can often use joint compound for small patching jobs typically done with spackle.

Plaster is a pretty tough surface, but it can still sustain damage from things like bumping against it, water issues, dampness, extreme humidity changes, and plain old age. Most plaster walls last hundreds of years and will only be taken down to the base layer when major repairs are required. Being cautious around the wall, not placing furniture against it, and ensuring stable humidity are all great ways to reduce possible damage.

Smaller is better when patching holes with spackle. Any holes wider than four to six inches in diameter tend to be too wide to repair with spackle alone. You'll likely want to patch bigger holes with a drywall panel. 

Even holes measuring up to 6 inches may be challenging to fill with spackle alone. For best results, purchase a wall repair patch made from wire mesh. Cut the patch to fit over the hole, then use the spackle to hold it in place. Apply the spackle over the patch as you would for a smaller hole.

Plastering lasts for around 15 to 20 years without needing repairs or maintenance in most cases, and with proper upkeep, plastering can last a lifetime—sometimes more than 100 years. Plaster repair costs between $1 and $3 per square foot, and you may need these services once every 15 to 20 years or so unless you have a harsh climate where humidity changes are a constant issue. You can also opt to skim-coat plaster for between $0.90 and $1.30 per square foot, which may serve you better in the long run.