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Most single-story homes don't have foundations strong enough to support a second story, but they can be reinforced for an addition. A structural engineer can assess your foundation and what needs to be done to get it ready. They'll look at any cracks or unevenness in your current foundation and consider any special framing or beams your home needs, especially if it’s in a high-wind or hurricane area.

“To support a second story, many structural engineers will require that you install additional concrete piers in the crawlspace,” says Tschudi. “This involves hand excavating, pouring a large concrete footing—usually with specially coated rebar—and then building concrete piers right up to the girders.”

You’ll need to reseal the foundation every five to 10 years, depending on the sealant you’ve used, the moisture conditions present in and around your home, and the condition of your foundation. Having a foundation inspection conducted before reapplication can help you catch any problems before you begin resealing. Of course, if you notice any new leaks or other moisture problems at any time, it may be necessary to reseal the foundation sooner.

Barring extreme home foundation problems, most horizontal foundation cracks are fixable using one or more methods. Most of the repair methods require professional expertise to accomplish, and include plate anchors, steel reinforcement, soil anchors, reconstruction, or carbon fiber strip applications. Contacting a professional to diagnose the problem early can minimize repair expenses.

You can use a level or straight-edge to test for plumb foundation walls and a level slab, a level or a ball to check for sloping floors inside your home, and a hygrometer to look for moisture in your underhome area. Aside from these DIY tests, it’s important to get a foundation repair specialist or structural engineer to test the foundation to see if it’s supporting your structure properly. They can determine if the loads on the concrete are uneven or need reinforcement.