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The average cost to replace or install a new HVAC system is around $7,500. However, the price can range from $5,000 to $12,500, depending on factors like the size of your home, the type and brand of the unit, and your specific heating and cooling needs. If you only need to replace certain components, the cost will be lower; for example, a new AC unit can cost between $2,200 and $5,500, while a new furnace costs $3,200 to $6,000. If additional work like new ductwork is required, the total cost could be as high as $22,000. It's best to contact a local HVAC company for an accurate quote.

Heat pumps are significantly more efficient than boilers, typically providing three to four times the amount of heat for the electricity they consume. While boilers run on fossil fuels, heat pumps use only electricity. This efficiency can lead to long-term savings on operating and maintenance costs. However, heat pumps have a higher upfront installation price compared to boilers. Despite their lower efficiency, boilers remain a popular choice for many homeowners, with 8 million in the United States alone, due to their lower initial cost and less intensive installation process. Ultimately, the best choice depends on your home's infrastructure, your budget, and your personal heating priorities.

Warmed or cooled air can escape your home through drafty windows and doors. If you notice any gaps, be sure to caulk and seal them. You can also hire a local pro for an energy audit to get a list of energy-saving recommendations. 

Finally, check your insulation. It can settle in over time and become less effective. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that you can save an average of 15% on heating and cooling costs (or 11% of total energy costs) by sealing leaks and making sure attics, crawl spaces, and basements have a nice layer of insulation.

The cost-efficiency of baseboard heaters depends on the type and how you use them. Generally, standard electric baseboard heaters can be expensive to run because they use electric resistance heating, which is less energy-efficient than systems like forced-air or heat pumps. However, hydronic and gas versions are typically much cheaper to operate. Hydronic models are more energy-efficient because they heat a liquid that retains warmth longer, preventing the thermostat from turning on and off as often. The overall running cost is also influenced by local electricity rates, your home's insulation, and your usage habits. To increase efficiency, you can use baseboard heaters for zoning, meaning you only heat the specific rooms you are using.