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Pruning can impact cold hardiness—but it’s less about the exact temperature and more about temperature variation. Generally, you don’t want to prune trees when there’s a risk of temperatures suddenly dropping from 50 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit to 0 degrees Fahrenheit or below. A tree is most sensitive until 48 hours after it’s pruned.

Generally, you’ll want to prune back the trunk by 1 to 2 feet each year to promote bushy growth. Doing so concentrates vegetative buds closer to the bottom of the tree, where you can easily harvest fruit. For side shoots that are a year old, leave at least six leaves. 

Never remove more than 30% of a tree’s foliage during pruning—even if your tree is really overgrown. Removing this much foliage at a time could kill your tree.

If you’re taking down a tree that you don’t suspect is affected by disease or pests and it’s nowhere near your home or other structures, then calling in a tree company should work fine. However, anything more involved means an arborist is a better option. These pros have years of experience with tree removal and can safely take down trees located next to structures, and they have the tools, sanitization equipment, and experience to remove sick or dying trees without infecting nearby trees. 

Yes, it is essential to confirm that any tree service company you hire is properly insured before they begin work. Tree removal, trimming, and pruning are dangerous jobs, and proper insurance protects you, your home, and the company from liability in case of accidents or damage. Look for a company that carries both general liability and workers’ compensation insurance, and do not hire one that cannot provide proof of coverage. When browsing for professionals, you can look for indicators like an “Angi Approved” badge, which signifies that the business meets standards like holding applicable licenses and passing a background check. Keep in mind that a license is a legal requirement to operate, while certifications are typically voluntary.