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Below-ground shelters are the best in terms of durability, but there is a risk of flooding and obstruction. Modern technology and rigorous construction requirements make above-ground shelters a better option for accessibility, safety, and, usually, your budget. They may not have the same aesthetic appeal, but many of their features make above-ground shelters a better option. 

Brick is designed to absorb moisture, but it is also designed to let it evaporate as well. So in general, the goal shouldn’t necessarily be keeping moisture out but making sure it has the room to breathe. If you have excess moisture getting through your brick wall, it’s more likely that you have a crack or other issue at play that a typical sealant won’t fix. So, instead of investing in sealant, try repairing your brick wall instead.

Yes, crawl spaces can attract bugs, especially since moisture tends to build up in the space, and moisture attracts pests. A good way to prevent pest infestation in your crawl space is to install a vapor barrier—called crawl space encapsulation—on the interior to seal the space, along with a French drain or some other kind of foundation drainage system outside to keep runoff out of your crawl space. You can also seal foundation cracks and repair damages to cut off access to pests.

Crawl space encapsulation typically lasts between 10 to 20 years. If you experience a catastrophic event, like a flood, or poorly encapsulate your space with low-quality materials, it may only last a decade. Otherwise, as long as you properly maintain your crawl space, a high-quality encapsulation can last more than 20 years.