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It’s possible to distinguish a positive black wire from a negative black wire if you know what type of circuit the wires are in. If it’s an alternating current (AC), then black wires are positive. If it’s a direct current (DC), then black wires are negative. 

Sometimes, a circuit has two black wires. In that case, the positive black wire will be solid black while the negative black wire will have a white stripe on it. If you’re still unsure, you can use a multimeter to check.

The color of your cable will help you to identify its function. In the U.S., the National Electrical Code (NEC) designates the color code for electrical cables. “Hot” cables are black, red, and blue. In cases of higher voltage lines, orange might also be used to indicate a hot cable. White or gray indicates a neutral, and green or green with a yellow stripe indicates a ground.

You will need a permit for any electrical work that involves installing or replacing wiring, moving or installing new fixtures, switches, or outlets, hardwiring appliances or HVAC equipment, installing subpanels, and upgrading electrical service. You typically don’t need a permit to have an electrician replace an existing light fixture or electrical box. You can always call your local building department to see if your project needs a permit, but a professional electrician will be able to tell you. In most cases, your professional will pull the permits for you.

A larger heater requires a larger breaker—unless there’s one already installed. The longer answer to this question is more nuanced. Do you place demands on the heater at the same time as running other heavy-duty appliances like ovens and washing machines? Do you live in an older home that may not have considered the higher electrical demands we have now? Breakers need to be sized at 125% of the load. To find that load, you should call a local electrical pro.