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Most houses are expected to settle over time, but foundation sinking of more than a few inches or uneven sinking of more than an inch for every 20 feet is cause for concern. Any significant or uneven sinking should be assessed by a professional to determine the cause and perform any necessary repairs. 

Crumbling concrete steps will affect your ability to drill into the material and affix a sturdy railing. If the damage is primarily cosmetic, you might be able to DIY the repair with a patch kit. If the concrete is badly crumbling, hire a professional who specializes in pouring concrete. The average concrete step repair cost is $500 from a professional, but the extent of the damage will determine your actual cost. The professional may recommend a replacement if the damage is extensive.

Not all cracks in brick indicate foundation problems. For instance, small hairline cracks can occur as a new construction settles. However, larger cracks are often a sign of a more severe issue. Indicators of a potential foundation problem include long horizontal cracks, "stair-step" cracks, vertical cracks that appear indoors, or any crack that widens at the top. Other signs of structural damage to look for are uneven floors and doors or windows that stick. These issues could be caused by problems with the soil beneath the home or an overgrown tree.

You can patch minor cracks and damage yourself using concrete fillers or mortar. Larger damage may require full replacement of affected slabs. However, water damage to your concrete will never disappear unless you address the root cause causing the water to cumulate. To prevent future damage, you can also waterproof your concrete.