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The safest ways to treat bed bugs are non-chemical, such as using diatomaceous earth, essential oils, and heat and cold treatments. Heat treatments are also one of the most effective methods because it kills bed bugs at all levels of life stages: eggs, nymphs, and adults. However, you still need to take precautions by removing items that can be susceptible to heat damage. You also need to remove plants and pets from your home during treatment.

As a general rule, if you hear an animal in your attic, don’t assume it will stay there. Animals are drawn to warmth and food sources, which could lead them to other parts of your house. In particular, it’s likely that small pests such as rats and mice that only need tiny gaps to squeeze through will end up in your walls and ductwork. Larger animals like raccoons may be limited to an enclosed attic.

In general, mouse droppings can remain infectious for 2 to 3 days at room temperature. Through their urine and feces, rodents can spread harmful diseases to humans. Common infectious diseases include hantavirus, salmonellosis, leptospirosis, and LCM.

However, depending on the specific virus and environmental conditions, mouse droppings can carry viruses for shorter or longer periods of time. For example, Salmonella can survive in mouse droppings several days and even weeks.

For a non-chemical bed bug treatment, you can try spraying your mattress with a mixture of essential oils, rubbing alcohol, and water. Pesticide sprays are available, but using them can pose potential health risks to humans and pets—especially if they are not applied correctly. If non-chemicals do not eradicate your bed bug infestation, you should consult a pest control specialist to determine the best course of action.