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Chilled water HVAC systems use water instead of traditional components and refrigerants. They're more common in commercial settings than residential ones but are slowly being adopted by some homebuilders to cool homes. As the name implies, the system keeps the water chilled at 40 degrees and circulates it through water coils. The water absorbs the heat from your home and drains outdoors. Condo apartments are more likely to have chilled water HVAC than single-family homes because this system is designed to cool several rooms or large areas individually.

The primary differences between a heat pump and a boiler are their function and how they produce heat. A heat pump is a versatile system that provides both heating and cooling by moving ambient air and altering its temperature. In contrast, a boiler is solely a heating system, often working with a furnace or AC unit as part of a larger HVAC system. In terms of heat production, a heat pump generates heat more slowly and at a lower temperature, requiring a large convector for distribution. A boiler, however, produces a large amount of high-temperature heat that it emits through smaller radiators.

There are several types of home radiators, and the most common are steam heat radiators, electric radiators, and dual-fuel radiators. Steam heat radiators are connected to a boiler. Electric radiators can operate without being connected to anything else—they just need an electrical outlet. If you have a dual-fuel radiator, you’ll see a valve at the bottom of the system with a wire coming out of it and going into a wall. These are often your towel radiators in the bathroom. The type of radiator you have will impact how you turn it on.

In most cases, repairing a radiator is more affordable than replacing it. A typical repair may cost between $100 and $200, while a replacement can average $1,500, with a range of $250 to $2,500 depending on the unit type. Radiator issues are often simple fixes for a professional, such as a blown fuse, malfunctioning thermostat, or a loose valve, and can take less than an hour. However, if the long-term costs of fixing the radiator are higher than replacement, it's better to get a new model. It is recommended to consult a heating expert to diagnose the problem and determine the best solution for your situation.