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Crawl space foundation problems can stem from a few different issues, but the most common are moisture and water problems and soil instability. Moisture and water issues are often a result of poor drainage, which can lead to water intrusion and soil expansion and contraction, leaving your foundation under added stress. A few things can cause soil instability, including poor drainage, karst landscapes and resulting sinkholes, and poorly compacted soil during construction.

Whether you need a permit for foundation repair depends on your location and the scope of the work. Major repairs like foundation stabilization typically require a building permit, while smaller projects such as sealing non-structural cracks or applying waterproofing solutions often do not. It's crucial that your contractor follows all local building codes, as an inspector will review the work to ensure it's up to standard. Failing to obtain the necessary permits can create issues when selling your home and may lead to further damage if the work is not done correctly. Your foundation repair specialist will usually know if a permit is needed and can handle the process for you. You can also contact your local building department or municipal office to confirm the requirements and verify that your contractor has filed the appropriate paperwork.

Most single-story homes don't have foundations strong enough to support a second story, but they can be reinforced for an addition. A structural engineer can assess your foundation and what needs to be done to get it ready. They'll look at any cracks or unevenness in your current foundation and consider any special framing or beams your home needs, especially if it’s in a high-wind or hurricane area.

“To support a second story, many structural engineers will require that you install additional concrete piers in the crawlspace,” says Tschudi. “This involves hand excavating, pouring a large concrete footing—usually with specially coated rebar—and then building concrete piers right up to the girders.”

Yes, a house can collapse from severe foundation problems if they are left unchecked. However, this is a rare occurrence that typically takes many years to develop, and a partial collapse is more likely than a full one. Homes on hillsides or in areas with frequent washouts are at a higher risk. Barring a natural disaster or other extreme circumstances, clear signs of major issues will be apparent long before a collapse is imminent. It is crucial to conduct routine foundation inspections and address any problem, no matter how minor it seems, as soon as possible to avoid threatening the structural integrity of your home.