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If you aren’t sure if you have a septic tank or a cesspit, you can check your property records or inspect your drainage system. A septic tank has an outlet pipe that allows liquid to drain into a soakaway or drain field, while a cesspit is a sealed tank that requires frequent emptying. If you notice a manhole cover and no nearby drainage field, it’s likely a cesspit. Signs like slow drainage or a frequent need for pumping can also provide clues. A professional inspection is the easiest way to confirm if your home runs on a septic tank or cesspit.

Frozen well pipes make themselves known quickly, as your faucets slow down to a trickle or shut down completely. If you notice a serious reduction in flow in the winter from toilets, showers, kitchen faucets, and other plumbing fixtures, a frozen pipe or two is to blame. Another tell-tale sign is frost or ice on exposed pipes outside. 

Your drain field or leach field should be 1 to 3 feet under the ground. It will be a little shallower than the septic tank, although it can be the same depth or slightly deeper. The proper depth of the septic tank is up to 4 feet. It’s possible that your local regulatory agency requires a certain depth for your drain field.

A septic system's lifespan typically ranges from 15 to 40 years, with a common average of 20 to 30 years. The longevity heavily depends on the tank's material, maintenance diligence, and usage habits. With proper care, lifespans can reach the upper end of this range.

Lifespan by Tank Material:

• Concrete: 20 to 40 years

• Plastic or Fiberglass: 30 to 40 years

• Steel: 15 to 20 years

To maximize your system's lifespan, follow these maintenance best practices:

• Regular Pumping and Inspections: Have the tank pumped every three to five years and schedule professional inspections regularly.

• Mindful Usage: Only flush human waste and toilet paper. Avoid putting items like cat litter, paper towels, cigarette butts, fats, grease, oils, or coffee grounds down your drains.

• Avoid Chemicals: Do not pour harsh chemicals into the system.

• Water Conservation: Reduce the amount of wastewater your system has to process.

• Protect the Drain Field: Avoid driving or building heavy structures over the drain field area.