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The easiest way to rough up soil to accept grass seed and provide the best opportunity for its growth is to make several passes over the area with a garden tiller and rake away the loosened vegetation and debris. However, in some cases, very hard ground may require using a shovel or pick to break up pieces into smaller chunks that the tiller can handle more easily.

Overseeding typically involves spreading grass seed either manually or with a machine that sprays the grass seed out and onto the soil. With overseeding, the grass seeds sit on the soil, and some may fall deeper into the soil if you aerated beforehand. With power seeding, a machine cuts narrow rows into the soil and pushes the grass seeds directly into the soil.

The average cost to seed or reseed a lawn is about $1,100, with prices typically ranging from $450 to $1,700. The final cost depends on factors like your lawn size, the type of seed used, and local labor rates. On a per-square-foot basis, you can expect to pay between $0.10 and $0.20.

Here are some cost estimates based on lawn size:

• 500 square feet: $50–$100

• 2,000 square feet: $200–$400

• 4,000 square feet: $400–$800

• 5,000 square feet: $500–$1,000

• 1 acre: $3,000–$5,880

• 2 acres: $6,000–$11,760

• 5 acres: $15,000–$17,640

Popular seed types for residential lawns include bahia, fescue, and Bermuda. Compared to installing sod, seeding is generally a less expensive option, especially for larger areas.

Additional services can add to the total cost:

• Fertilization: $80–$400

• Soil testing: $700–$2,100

• Yard cleanup and leaf removal: $200–$560

• Weed treatment: $110–$325

• Mowing: $50–$210

In the fall, you should aerate the soil, overseed the bare spots, kill weeds, mow the lawn low, and rake your leaves. By boosting your lawn’s health in the fall, your grass will be stronger throughout the winter and come back healthier in the spring. You should also trim your perennials so that they withstand the winter and are ready for new growth in the spring.