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Yes, ammonia does damage pipes if used or disposed of improperly. Although ammonia-based cleaners are commonly used to unclog drain pipes, they either come already diluted or instruct the user to dilute them before use. Otherwise, undiluted ammonia is too caustic and could corrode certain plumbing types, such as PVC.

To drain a broken toilet, place towels or plastic sheeting around the base in case of splashing or overflowing. Next, shut off the toilet’s water supply, usually via a valve on the wall behind the toilet. Begin flushing the handle to remove as much water as possible from the tank and the bowl. Don’t flush the toilet if it’s clogged, though. From there, use a large sponge to soak up any remaining water and wring it over a bucket. 

Depending on the location of the water leak, it could go undetected for weeks, months, or even years in some extreme cases. Most homeowners who have plumbing leaks have slow drips, so you might not see signs of damage until they become severe problems. It’s a good idea to have a plumbing inspection done annually and to take steps yourself to check for leaks, including inspecting your floor, walls, and ceilings for signs of water damage, monitoring your utility bills, and looking for water around appliances and fixtures.

Whether an earthquake gas shut-off valve is required depends on your location and circumstances. Certain cities, states, and even insurance providers mandate them, especially in areas with high seismic activity. In California, for example, while laws vary by county, most jurisdictions require a valve to be installed in newly constructed homes or when a home is sold or renovated. The Los Angeles Municipal Code specifically requires a licensed contractor for installation. Even if not required by law, installing a seismic shut-off valve is a wise safety measure. These devices automatically cut off the flow of gas during an earthquake, which can prevent gas leaks, fires, and explosions. It is recommended to check with your local building department for specific laws regarding installation, permitting, and inspections, and to ensure the valve you install is on your city's list of approved models.