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Rats are nocturnal creatures, meaning they are most active at night, typically from late evening through the early morning. They use the cover of darkness to explore, forage for food, and find water, as they feel safer and can avoid daytime predators and human activity. Their sharp senses, including keen night vision and hearing, are well-suited for navigating in the dark. Because they prefer to stay hidden during the day in secluded areas like walls or attics, you are more likely to spot signs of their presence—such as droppings or gnaw marks—before you see an actual rat.

Moles live underground and feed on insects. They dig and move through tunnels, usually in meadows or forests but sometimes in lawns and gardens. They are about 6 inches long with large claws, tiny eyes, and hidden ears. 

Shrews do not dig their own tunnels but will use other animals’ tunnels, and are about 3 to 4 inches long. They look similar to mice and feed on insects.

Voles are similar in size to moles but have large eyes and small but visible ears. Rather than eating insects, voles are herbivores that prefer seeds, grasses, and plant roots.

It’s very uncommon for roaches to bite humans. Cockroaches don’t need humans for food and prefer to be elsewhere than on a living being. They have no poison or powerful pincers to cause any significant damage. However, in very bad infestations cockroaches have been known to search humans for dead skin cells, which leads to them nibbling around feet, hands, and eyelashes. They don’t cause any serious harm, but this is an easy way to spread the diseases cockroaches carry.

Many brownish housebound arachnids could be mistaken for hobo or wolf spiders, including nursery web spiders. An easy way to classify is to look for traditional spider webs, as neither hobos nor wolves participate in this practice.