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Natural bacteria break down sludge in a septic tank by dissolving and consuming the solid waste. Your septic tank needs this bacteria to work correctly and avoid filling beyond capacity. You can increase the natural bacteria in your septic tank by adding three rotten tomatoes through your garbage disposal every three months.

Over time, your septic tank can accumulate a buildup of sludge at the bottom of the tank. If left unpumped and uncleaned, the sludge will back up into your pipes and home, causing failure and extensive (and smelly) damage. Repairs to your septic system can be costly, which is why regular maintenance is required. It takes about 30 minutes to pump a septic tank that’s 1,250 gallons or less or 1 hour for larger varieties.

You can check your own septic tank, but take precautions. Locate the access lid, usually buried a few inches underground, and remove it carefully. Look for the sludge and scum levels, and if they’re high, that means pumping may be necessary. Check for odors, slow drains, or pooling water around the drain field, which could indicate issues. Never enter the tank, as toxic gases can be fatal. All of that being said, a professional inspection is safer and more thorough.

All municipalities in the U.S. require a permit for septic tank installation or septic system alteration, and the permit will usually cost between $450 and $2,500. Some municipalities also require permits for septic system repair. You’ll either need to contact your local building department or your septic tank company to ask if this is necessary before carrying out the work. Permits are not typically required to have your septic tank pumped, so provided your septic company is licensed, you can move forward with the work as needed.