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The standard distance between deck stair stringers is 12 to 16 inches. However, these numbers vary by building material, so reference the maximum span for the material. For example, some composite materials call for a maximum distance of 10 inches to maintain their structural integrity. 

As a general rule, never leave more than 16 inches of space between your stringers. Deck stairs have higher load-bearing demands than the walking surface of the deck, so it’s important not to overshoot the space between your stair stringers.

The most comfortable stair riser height is 7 inches. Building your deck stairs to this height ensures a strain-free step position and minimizes the risk of trip and fall injuries. It is possible to design your deck stairs with risers measuring up to 12 inches, but this height could be challenging for people with mobility issues, children, or smaller pets.

Spiral staircases can be safe for all ages if designed with features such as code-compliant handrails, non-slip treads, and proper spacing. However, narrow treads and steep angles may pose challenges and a safety hazard for young children or those with mobility issues, so consider safety upgrades or alternative designs if needed.

Local building codes can vary, but it's most common for a handrail to be required when there are three or more steps. It may be a good idea to install one with two-step stairs if someone in the home may have difficulty using the stairs without one. Always check local codes to see what's required in your area.