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Energy-efficient windows are judged on their performance according to a few different factors, including heat transfer, air leakage, light transference, and condensation resistance. If you're unsure whether a window is energy-efficient, look for an ENERGY STAR® label from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). If various products, including windows, meet energy-efficiency standards set by the federal government, the EPA issues this label to help consumers identify energy-efficient products.

If you install LED bulbs, they will use much less energy than incandescent bulbs. LED light strips also use less power. Battery-operated puck lights use no electricity at all, but you will need to replace the batteries as needed. They are beneficial if your power goes out, too, as they will remain on as a light source. 

Fireplaces can theoretically help you save on heating bills if you lower the temperature throughout the rest of your home and heat only a single room that you occupy using the fireplace. However, in most cases, homeowners won’t save any money on heating bills. Gas and electric fireplace inserts could actually lead to a spike in your respective energy bills if you use them frequently, and if you don’t keep up with chimney maintenance and repairs, your traditional masonry fireplace could actually be a source of heat loss in the winter.

R-value is calculated by dividing the thickness of an insulation material by its thermal conductivity. The material's composition and density influence thermal conductivity. Materials with lower conductivity values provide better insulation. The higher the R-value, the better the material is at insulating, helping homeowners select insulation that meets the energy needs of their climate and home layout.