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Some snake repellents are risky to use around people and pets because they use the active ingredient in mothballs, naphthalene. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has classified naphthalene as a carcinogen that can cause damage to the liver, neurological issues, and cataracts. 

The Colorado State University Extension suggests there’s not enough conclusive evidence of the effectiveness of snake repellents to recommend their use.

Unless foxes are a major threat or nuisance, living peacefully alongside them is often better. Reclusive foxes are rarely a risk to humans, and they can help keep rodent populations at bay and boost biodiversity in your yard. Plus, if you are a wildlife lover, there is the simple privilege and pleasure of watching a fox family interact right on your doorstep.

Moles live underground and feed on insects. They dig and move through tunnels, usually in meadows or forests but sometimes in lawns and gardens. They are about 6 inches long with large claws, tiny eyes, and hidden ears. 

Shrews do not dig their own tunnels but will use other animals’ tunnels, and are about 3 to 4 inches long. They look similar to mice and feed on insects.

Voles are similar in size to moles but have large eyes and small but visible ears. Rather than eating insects, voles are herbivores that prefer seeds, grasses, and plant roots.

Groundhogs are most active during the warmer months, from spring through fall. On a daily basis, they exhibit peak activity in the early morning (dawn) and late afternoon (dusk), which are their primary feeding times. They tend to stay in their cool burrows during the hottest, sunniest parts of the day. Groundhogs hibernate during the winter, typically retreating to their dens from October or November until mid to late February.