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A standard home lawn mower with sharp blades can handle a thin layer of leaves without issue. You may need to make a couple of passes within several days to mulch leaves down, but your mower shouldn’t struggle. If your mower comes with a mulching kit, like an attachment to blow leaves out the side, that’s a good sign it’s ready for fall leaves. Set your mower to the highest or near-highest height for this project so it focuses on the leaves rather than the grass below.

To remove old grass effectively, you typically need to dig to one to two inches. This depth typically allows you to reach the root system of the grass, ensuring thorough removal. However, if the grass is a particularly dense or deep-rooted variety (such as Bermuda grass), or if you're planning to replace it with a different landscaping feature, you may need to dig deeper to loosen the soil and remove any underlying roots.

It’s unlikely your leaves are a hazard, especially if you get to them while they’re dry. However, a couple of rare risks exist. University studies suggest that decaying leaves can produce organochlorines, toxic pollutants similar to man-made PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), so avoid keeping them in an enclosed area.

Also, leaves and compost may cause the growth of fungi that can cause diseases like histoplasmosis and aspergillosis, as well as mold spores that are unhealthy for human lungs. Again, severe issues are rare, but those with compromised immune systems or allergies to mold should wear face masks when directly handling leaves.

To eliminate waste without polluting, consider whether it can be recycled, reused, or donated. However, hazardous waste, such as chemicals or electronics, requires special handling and disposal to prevent it from polluting landfills. Organic waste can be composted or converted into fuel at a biogas generation facility.