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A back pressure valve is a control valve used on production vessels, such as separators, treaters, and free water knockouts. The valve holds pressure until a set point is reached, and then releases upstream pressure to reset. Back pressure valves are not safety mechanisms. Instead, they are regulators designed to keep the fluid, gas, or liquid mixture in a system at a certain pressure level to prevent bursts and other incidents.

Meanwhile, a backflow preventer is a safety mechanism that kicks in when the pressure has already failed and contaminated water flows in the reverse direction. Most backflow preventers consist of two one-way valves, or check valves assembled together. This design only allows water to pass through in one direction but not the other.

Toilets typically connect to your main vent stack, a vertical pipe that runs through all finished levels of your home and exits through the roof. It’s located behind the walls, but if you have an unfinished basement or a utility closet, you may find a portion of it running the vertical length of the space. Some basement toilets use an air admittance valve instead, which is a small vent located in the wall directly behind the toilet that extends upward a few feet from the drain.

Yes, even though frost-free and freeze-proof faucets are designed to withstand winter weather, it is still recommended to cover them with an insulated cap, especially during periods of extreme cold. These faucets work by keeping excess water inside the home's heated space and using a downward slope to drain, but this protection can be compromised. For the faucet to work correctly, you must always disconnect any attached hoses before temperatures drop below freezing, as a hose can trap water and lead to freezing. Ultimately, covering all outdoor faucets, even freeze-proof models, is the best way to prevent frozen and burst pipes.

Sometimes when a pipe bursts in a house, it makes a clang or popping noise; however, that doesn’t mean you’ll hear it. Newer pipes tend to be quieter than older pipes. Plus, a pipe can easily burst out of earshot, especially if it’s a floor or two away from you. 

If you do hear an unusual popping noise, consider hiring a plumber to inspect your pipes. Most of the time, you’re more likely to notice a burst pipe either from a visible leak or because water won’t run out of your tap properly.