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STC (Sound Transmission Class) is a rating that describes how well a building material or assembly blocks airborne sound. A higher STC rating means less noise will pass through the material, providing better sound reduction. This rating system applies to various building components, including windows, doors, flooring, drywall, and insulation.

For context, a typical single-pane window has an STC rating of around 25 (where normal conversations are audible), while a well-sealed, double-pane window can exceed STC 45 (blocking loud speech and most music). It is important to note that for some products, like soundproofing drywall, the STC rating refers to the entire wall system, not just the individual panel.

Additionally, STC ratings are most effective for measuring sound reduction at mid-to-high frequencies, such as human speech, and may not accurately reflect how well a material blocks low-frequency sounds like bass music or thunder. Because of these factors, it is recommended to consult a professional to determine the right STC-rated materials for your specific soundproofing needs.

The primary purpose of insulation is to maintain comfortable temperatures in a home, whether that’s cool air when it’s hot out, or warm air in winter, but that’s not all it can do. All options will also minimize heating and cooling needs, lowering both your carbon footprint and energy bills in turn. And some options, like rigid foam boards, even offer soundproofing benefits, too.

If you have access to the foundation walls, adding spray foam insulation to your existing unfinished basement or crawl space is straightforward. Replacing existing insulation in your unfinished attic space is possible after removing the old insulation. However, spray foam insulating an existing wall after the drywall is in place isn’t possible unless you remove most of the drywall.

Installing new insulation in a home is worthwhile if your existing insulation is old and has lost some of its insulative capability or if you don’t have insulation installed already. Installing new insulation will boost your home’s energy efficiency, which can reduce your heating and cooling bills and save money on HVAC repair and maintenance in the long run. New insulation also keeps your living space more comfortable, so you and your family will benefit from the work as well. Finally, installing new insulation boosts your home value, making it especially worthwhile if you plan to sell.