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For a fully-foamed hot tub, freezing typically occurs when the temperature drops below 28 degrees Fahrenheit and remains at or below this level continuously for a minimum of 36 hours. If your hot tub and pumps are still operational, however, the water circulates, and this continuous movement helps prevent freezing, even in very cold conditions. This circulation, along with the insulation provided by the foam, helps maintain the water temperature and prevent it from freezing during extended cold periods. Still, if you’re not planning to run it regularly, be sure to winterize the hot tub properly to prevent damage from freezing.

Algae-related green hot tub water is generally safe to use, as algae aren't usually harmful to your health. However, if the conditions in the hot tub are hospitable to algae growth, they may also be hospitable to the growth of other types of microorganisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacteria that can cause hot tub rash, or Legionella bacteria, which can cause respiratory illness.

A hot tub cover's lifespan is typically between three and seven years, with an average of five to seven years for a well-maintained one. The quality of the cover is a major factor; lower-quality polyester or vinyl soft covers can tear easily with regular use.

To extend the life of your cover, proper maintenance is key. This includes:

• Keeping the cover clean, dry, and out of the sun. Use a soft cloth and mild dish soap for cleaning.

• Applying a vinyl protectant spray.

• Cleaning the underside with a chlorine spray.

• Using a cover lift to prevent damage from rough handling.

• Protecting it from harsh weather.

• Keeping children and pets off the cover.

Investing in a high-quality cover and checking for a warranty at the time of purchase can also contribute to its longevity.

To refill a hot tub after winter, start by opening up the tub and giving it a quick cleaning. If you use antifreeze, drain out the water then grab a hose and thoroughly clean the tub shell out, spraying water into each jet of the tub. 

Reconnect the hot tub and turn the power back on. When it’s time to fill the tub again, insert the hose into the filter well (if available). Avoid trapping too much air in the water lines, which can cause the pump to lock up when it starts again. Add the necessary chemicals and start the heating process. It will take some time—most of a full day—for the water to heat up again.