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Yes, it’s safe to strip a wire if you follow the proper safety precautions. First and foremost, you must always disconnect the power and never try stripping a live wire. Using wire strippers is another safety precaution, but don’t forget to keep your fingers away from the blade. It’s also critical you only remove the insulation and not accidentally cut into the conductor, which is unlikely as long as you’re using the right-sized wire stripper.

It’s possible to distinguish a positive black wire from a negative black wire if you know what type of circuit the wires are in. If it’s an alternating current (AC), then black wires are positive. If it’s a direct current (DC), then black wires are negative. 

Sometimes, a circuit has two black wires. In that case, the positive black wire will be solid black while the negative black wire will have a white stripe on it. If you’re still unsure, you can use a multimeter to check.

Yes, you can connect two extra outlets (or more) to one outlet if the total load on the circuit allows for it. If you have a 15-amp circuit, electrical code allows up to eight outlets or light switches. But if you’re dealing with outlets in the kitchen and bathroom, you may not be able to have as many. Kitchen and bathroom appliances often need higher amperage. You can also change a single outlet to a double outlet by cutting a larger hole in the drywall and replacing the outlet with a quad receptacle.

They can vary—a lot. For example, while the EU continues to move toward broader standardization, many different types of outlets still exist from country to country. Some local standards cared about polarization, and some didn’t. It’s similar to other countries around the world.

Generally, you’re less likely to find polarized outlets outside North America. However, alternative plugs and outlets often incorporate precautions so that accidentally touching live prongs on a plug is hard or impossible. You may also find interesting regulations overseas that limit the use of outlets in bathrooms or near sinks to decrease the chance of shock.