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Grout and caulk are commonly used together, especially in bathrooms. Grout goes between the tiles and keeps them sturdy and in place on the walls or floor. Caulk goes in corners or where two different materials meet (like where the bathtub meets the tile) to create a waterproof seal. However, they are not interchangeable—you shouldn't use caulk to adhere tile and shouldn’t use mortar if you need a waterproof seal.

You cannot tile directly over hot mop waterproofing because tile requires a smooth, solid surface to adhere properly. Additionally, the shower bed pan needs to be raised and sloped toward the drain to prevent water from pooling. However, you can hot mop and apply a sloped mortar bed over the top (to which the tile can then be adhered). 

You can technically install tile over tile, but we don’t suggest it. Installing tile over any surface that isn’t a completely flat and prepared subfloor will result in a shoddy overall job, uneven flooring, tiles that don’t adhere, extra weight, gaps, cracks, and room for moisture and dirt to enter. For the best results, only install new tile on a flat, sanded surface like subflooring or concrete that is prepared for tile.

If you have asbestos tile and would rather tile over it than remove it, or if your existing tile is completely flat and bonded tightly to the floor, you may be able to tile over existing tile. But experts recommend thinking twice before you do.

Tiling can be DIY with the right tools and skills, but challenges like ensuring evenness and appropriate adhesion often warrant professional handling.