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It depends on whether you’re looking at residential or commercial buildings. For residential buildings, the 2018 International Residential Code asks for a maximum riser (or rise) height of 7 3/4 inches and a minimum tread depth (or run) of 10 inches.

For fixed stairs in commercial buildings, OSHA requires a rise between 6 and 7.5 inches, with a run between 10 and 14 inches. The standards are different for spiral staircases.

Whether a concrete walkway or sidewalk needs rebar depends on how it will be used. Walkways and sidewalks meant for light foot traffic don’t need rebar, and you can use wire mesh instead. But concrete surfaces that will see heavy machinery will likely need it.

A concrete pathway is very durable and can last upward of 30 years under normal conditions. Heavy snowfall and excessive heat may decrease this lifespan over time, as can vehicle traffic and salt applications during freezing conditions. Homeowners in extreme climates might notice cracking and deterioration after just 15 years, while those in more temperate climates should see multiple decades of life from their concrete.

Gravel is the least expensive driveway type, costing between $1 and $3 per square foot. That said, you’ll likely need to add new gravel filling once or twice a year which can add up in additional costs over time. In addition, be prepared to regularly rake the gravel into place to keep your gravel driveway looking its best.