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According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), hazardous waste is generally classified into four main categories:

1. Characteristic Wastes: These exhibit at least one of four hazardous traits: ignitability (flammable, like gasoline), corrosivity (can rust or decompose materials, like car batteries), reactivity (unstable and can explode, like aerosol cans), or toxicity (harmful when ingested, like lead-based paint).

2. Listed Wastes: These are specific wastes from manufacturing and industrial processes that the EPA has officially designated as hazardous. They include byproducts from processes that use solvents, pesticides, and other chemicals.

3. Universal Wastes: These are commonly generated hazardous items that are subject to streamlined regulations. Examples include batteries, pesticides, mercury-containing equipment (e.g., bulbs), and some lamps.

4. Mixed Wastes: This category includes waste that contains both hazardous and radioactive components, making it subject to regulation by both the EPA and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

The best way to remove lead paint is by wet hand sanding and removing all dust and residue with a HEPA vacuum. Professionals may also strip and scrape lead-based paint with a paint scraper. In some cases, you may choose to have a pro encapsulate or enclose your lead-based paint surface by covering it with a sealant or a new material. You may also choose to replace the material altogether.

Professional lead-paint abatement companies use a variety of methods to remove lead-based paint, depending on each particular situation. Some of the most common methods include:

• Total removal: $8–$17 per square foot

• Demolition and replacement: $1,000–$15,000 per project

• Encapsulation: $4 per square foot

• Enclosure: $10 per square foot

• Chemical stripping: $10–$17 per square foot

Professional lead removal involves identifying and safely removing or encapsulating lead-based paints and materials, using specialized equipment, and following strict safety procedures to minimize exposure and contamination.