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Insulating ducts prevent or significantly reduce condensation by reducing temperature differences between the duct surface and surrounding air. Proper insulation also minimizes sweating, improves energy efficiency, and prevents moisture damage. However, if humidity levels are unusually high or there are air leaks, additional measures like sealing ducts and using a dehumidifier may be needed.

STC (Sound Transmission Class) is a rating that describes how well a building material or assembly blocks airborne sound. A higher STC rating means less noise will pass through the material, providing better sound reduction. This rating system applies to various building components, including windows, doors, flooring, drywall, and insulation.

For context, a typical single-pane window has an STC rating of around 25 (where normal conversations are audible), while a well-sealed, double-pane window can exceed STC 45 (blocking loud speech and most music). It is important to note that for some products, like soundproofing drywall, the STC rating refers to the entire wall system, not just the individual panel.

Additionally, STC ratings are most effective for measuring sound reduction at mid-to-high frequencies, such as human speech, and may not accurately reflect how well a material blocks low-frequency sounds like bass music or thunder. Because of these factors, it is recommended to consult a professional to determine the right STC-rated materials for your specific soundproofing needs.

The best type of attic insulation depends on where you live, your budget, and what stage of construction the attic is in. For example, if you're building a house, then structural insulated panels are a worthy investment since they're easy to install during construction and they're the most energy-efficient type of insulation.  

Additionally, if you live in a very warm climate, then you can potentially save quite a bit of money by opting for reflective insulation, which is more affordable than comprehensive insulation but doesn't work well for cool climates. Blown-in, loose-fill, and spray foam insulation are all great options for attics in moderate climates.

In some cases, yes, insulating an unheated garage can lead to mold and mildew. The issue with insulating a garage is that the interior will warm up and cool down more slowly than the exterior air, which can cause condensation inside the space. Where there is moisture, there is likely to be mold and mildew over time. Installing a vapor barrier can help avoid moisture and mildew problems in an insulated garage.