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There are a few signs that you might notice if your drain field is bad. For starters, if you see standing water or soggy grass above your drain field, it could mean that it isn’t working correctly. Or, if your yard smells like sewage, it could also indicate that there’s a problem with your drain field. Repairing a drain field costs an average of $2,000 to $15,000.

There are three layers of wastewater in a septic tank: scum (solid waste that floats to the top of the wastewater), liquid (the relatively clean liquid wastewater in between the two other layers), and sludge (solid waste that falls to the bottom of the wastewater). The buildup of sludge is one of the main reasons septic tanks need to be pumped. If the tank is more than 1/3 of the way full with a combination of sludge and scum, it’s time to call a pro for pumping.

The pressure in a well pressure tank should be set 2 to 3 PSI below the pump's cut-on pressure. The cut-on pressure is the lower number in the pressure setting (e.g., the '30' in 30/50 PSI) and is the point at which the pump starts. The cut-out pressure is the higher number, where the pump stops.

For example:

• If your pressure switch is set to 30/50 PSI, the tank pressure should be 27-28 PSI.

• If your pressure switch is set to 40/60 PSI, the tank pressure should be 38 PSI.

Common pressure settings for household applications include 20/40, 30/50, and 40/60 PSI. The difference between the cut-on and cut-out pressure is typically 20 PSI.

Adding a thin layer of dirt over a septic drain field is fine, especially if soil erosion has occurred. However, adding too much dirt can compact the soil, reducing the drain field’s ability to absorb and filter wastewater properly. Avoid using heavy clay soil, as it can prevent proper drainage. Instead, use a light layer of topsoil and plant grass to help with soil stability.