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In North America, pipe measurements are listed as the nominal pipe size (NPS). This measurement refers to the outside diameter. As an example, a 1/2-inch copper pipe has an outside diameter of 5/8 of an inch. If a hardware store lists a pipe as having a 2 NPS, it means that all the pipes with this measurement have a 2 ⅜-inch outside diameter, regardless of wall thickness and inside diameter.

The cost to unclog a drain varies based on the location and severity of the clog. For simple clogs within your home, such as in a sink, toilet, or shower, hiring a plumber typically costs between $110 and $350, with an average of around $200. Snaking a toilet or sink usually costs between $110 and $275, while a bathtub or shower clog costs about $225.

For a more serious clog in the main sewer line, the cost is higher. Clearing a main line clog generally costs between $200 and $600, with an average of about $380. However, prices can range from as low as $100 for snaking a minor clog to over $1,600, particularly if advanced methods like video inspection and hydrojetting are needed for a large or hard-to-reach blockage. Some severe main line clogs can cost upwards of $1,000 to clear depending on factors like the cause of the clog, its distance from an accessible cleanout, and whether the pipe is located beneath an occupied space (e.g., in an apartment building). You may be able to save money on minor clogs by using a drain snake or bladder yourself.

Yes, hydro jetting can potentially damage pipes, particularly if they are old or weakened. The high-pressure water can be too abrasive for fragile pipes, potentially causing cracks or breaks. For this reason, it is highly recommended to have a professional evaluate the condition of your pipes before the procedure. However, for newer pipes made from materials like PVC, which is common for sewer lines, hydro jetting is generally considered safe.

Yes, a bigger well pump can increase water pressure—up to a point. If you currently have a well pump of 8 GPM, you might notice a pressure boost when you go up to 10 GPM. However, overshooting significantly (going up to 15 GPM for an 8 GPM home) can strain your well system and result in things like burst pipes that can decrease your water pressure and make for costly repairs.