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Plaster is a pretty tough surface, but it can still sustain damage from things like bumping against it, water issues, dampness, extreme humidity changes, and plain old age. Most plaster walls last hundreds of years and will only be taken down to the base layer when major repairs are required. Being cautious around the wall, not placing furniture against it, and ensuring stable humidity are all great ways to reduce possible damage.

All plaster walls will crack over time due to normal house settling and expansion and contraction from temperature and moisture changes. Small, thin hairline cracks are generally not serious and are mostly a cosmetic issue. However, larger or more significant cracks can indicate structural problems.

Here's how to tell the difference:

• Cosmetic Cracks: Cracks that are 0.5 cm (0.2 inches) or thinner are typically cosmetic.

• Structural Cracks: Cracks wider than 0.5 cm, excessive or deep cracks, multiple cracks in the same area, or cracks that span around corners can signify a structural or foundation issue. Cracks along the joints where walls meet the ceiling also warrant attention.

For cracks wider than 0.5 cm, structural repair is needed. If a crack is 2.5 cm (1 inch) or wider, or if you notice any signs of a structural problem, it is best to contact a plaster repair professional to assess the damage.

Drywall tape is made of paper, while drywall mesh is made of fiberglass or metal. Drywall mesh patches are suitable for repairing small holes in drywall, while paper drywall tape holds a crease better for corners. You need joint compound to adhere drywall tape to the wall, while mesh patches may be self-adhesive.

While a normal moisture level for drywall is between 5% and 12%, replacement is recommended if you get consistent readings above 17%. At this level, the drywall is likely too compromised by extensive moisture damage to be considered safe. You can replace either the entire sheet or just the affected section. If you are unsure after a visual inspection, it is best to have a contractor or water restoration provider use a professional moisture meter to get an accurate reading.