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Most of the U.S. has hard water, especially across portions of the West and Midwest. The areas with the hardest water include parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming, Illinois, North and South Dakota, Ohio, and New York. You’ll find soft water in parts of New England, the Southeast, the Pacific Northwest, and Hawaii.

Installing a water softener could help reduce calcium buildup in your pool if your pool has high calcium hardness as a result of hard drinking water in your home. Pool softeners work by exchanging calcium and magnesium for sodium, so if you use softened water to top off your pool, it may help keep calcium hardness from rising over time. However, it won’t lower the calcium hardness of the water already in your pool and isn’t a practical way to control pool calcium levels. The average water softener installation cost is between $200 and $6,000.

Most experts agree there’s not much difference health-wise between hard water versus soft water. That said, hard water is more likely to cause skin dryness and issues that go along with it, like an itchy or flaky scalp. Hard water can also decrease the life span of your household appliances and make it more difficult for soap to do its job.

The main difference between a water softener and a water filter is what they remove from the water. A water softener is specifically designed to remove hard minerals, while a filter removes a wider range of contaminants above a certain size, such as bacteria and other impurities. If your primary goal is to remove minerals, a softener is the best choice. If you want to remove various contaminants for safety or taste, a filter is more suitable. Filters are also typically less expensive to install. Depending on your water supply's specific issues, you may need to install both systems for comprehensive treatment.