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Septic tanks naturally have bacteria that break down some of the solid waste in the septic tank. However, sludge buildup is just part of owning a septic system. While liquid wastewater can be filtered and treated through the system, a septic tank company has to pump the septic tank out at least every few years.

A septic system's lifespan typically ranges from 15 to 40 years, with a common average of 20 to 30 years. The longevity heavily depends on the tank's material, maintenance diligence, and usage habits. With proper care, lifespans can reach the upper end of this range.

Lifespan by Tank Material:

• Concrete: 20 to 40 years

• Plastic or Fiberglass: 30 to 40 years

• Steel: 15 to 20 years

To maximize your system's lifespan, follow these maintenance best practices:

• Regular Pumping and Inspections: Have the tank pumped every three to five years and schedule professional inspections regularly.

• Mindful Usage: Only flush human waste and toilet paper. Avoid putting items like cat litter, paper towels, cigarette butts, fats, grease, oils, or coffee grounds down your drains.

• Avoid Chemicals: Do not pour harsh chemicals into the system.

• Water Conservation: Reduce the amount of wastewater your system has to process.

• Protect the Drain Field: Avoid driving or building heavy structures over the drain field area.

Septic tanks come in multiple shapes, sizes, and materials. However, they’re often round or rectangular in shape and made from concrete, fiberglass, or plastic. There’s a range of septic tank sizes, with the average model measuring 30 to 40 square feet and holding 1,000 to 1,500 gallons of waste.

With proper maintenance, most types of septic systems—including mound, evapotranspiration, and constructed wetland systems—can last up to 40 years. To keep your system running as long as possible, follow basic septic tank upkeep guidelines, like pumping your septic tank every three to five years and only flushing human waste and toilet paper.