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The main difference between a water softener and a water filter is what they remove from the water. A water softener is specifically designed to remove hard minerals, while a filter removes a wider range of contaminants above a certain size, such as bacteria and other impurities. If your primary goal is to remove minerals, a softener is the best choice. If you want to remove various contaminants for safety or taste, a filter is more suitable. Filters are also typically less expensive to install. Depending on your water supply's specific issues, you may need to install both systems for comprehensive treatment.

No, hard water isn’t dangerous. The added calcium in hard water can contribute to good bone health. However, it can also cause dry skin and hair. If you have dry skin or hair, consider using a water-softening system to help minimize the minerals in your water. Plus, these systems can also add some sodium to your diet. 

Whether you need a permit or license for a water softener installation depends on your location, as requirements vary significantly. Some municipalities require the installer to hold a plumbing license, some mandate a permit and an inspection, and others require both. In some areas, no special permit or license is needed at all.

To determine the rules in your area, you can contact your local building department or consult a local water softener installer or plumber. Often, only certified professionals are authorized to pull the necessary permits, and they will typically handle the entire permitting process for you. Regardless of local laws, it is always recommended to hire a licensed professional to ensure the system is sized and installed correctly. You can use Angi’s state licensing tool to check an installer’s license status.

Soft water is better for your hair. The minerals in hard water can dry out hair, make it brittle, and leave a film on the hair and scalp that may cause irritation. Hard water also doesn't rinse out shampoo and conditioner effectively, which can lead to product buildup that makes hair look dull and limp. You may also find you need to use more shampoo to get a good lather in hard water.