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You’ll need to decide which cleaning treatments and methods are the right fit for your rug. Depending on the rug material, age, and the amount of traffic it gets, different treatments to consider include:

• Stain removal: $10–$50 per stain

• Anti-odor treatment: $15–$75 per rug

• Stain protection: $1.50–$2.50 per square foot

• Moth protection: $1–$2 per square foot

• Wool treatment: $1–$2 per square foot

• Antimicrobial disinfectant: $2–$3 per square foot

Vinegar and baking soda can be effective for removing old carpet stains, although success may depend on the type of stain. There are two common methods for this process.

One method involves combining the ingredients directly on the stain to create a chemical reaction. First, pour a generous layer of dry baking soda over the stain. In a spray bottle, mix distilled white vinegar with 1 cup of warm water and a few drops of liquid dish soap, then spray this solution thoroughly over the baking soda. The mixture will foam as the acidic vinegar reacts with the basic baking soda, which helps loosen and lift the stain. Let this sit for a few hours until it dries, then wipe or vacuum up the residue and blot the area with a clean, dry towel. You can repeat the process if the stain persists.

An alternative method suggests using the ingredients separately. Start by sprinkling baking soda on the stain and letting it sit for 15 to 30 minutes before vacuuming it up. Next, blot the remaining stain with a solution of equal parts white vinegar and water, and then blot the area dry with a clean cloth.

How you freshen a musty carpet depends on what’s causing it to smell funky. Baking soda can soak up some smells, and vinegar is a natural deodorizer. These DIY solutions can lift out light odors. However, steam cleaning or hot water extraction may be the best way to clean your carpet when the smell is deeply ingrained. These penetrate deep into carpet fibers and can remove musty mold spores and pet urine smells.

Steam cleaning carpets uses less water and has faster drying times. Shampooing carpets involves applying a carpet shampoo and using a machine that works it into the carpet and fibers. This method uses more water, so it tends to take longer for the carpets to dry. Which method should be used depends on the type of stains, level of dirtiness, and preference.