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There are three layers of wastewater in a septic tank: scum (solid waste that floats to the top of the wastewater), liquid (the relatively clean liquid wastewater in between the two other layers), and sludge (solid waste that falls to the bottom of the wastewater). The buildup of sludge is one of the main reasons septic tanks need to be pumped. If the tank is more than 1/3 of the way full with a combination of sludge and scum, it’s time to call a pro for pumping.

A few signs can indicate that your cesspool needs to be emptied outside of its typical schedule. An unpleasant odor coming from your pipes or near the cesspool, gurgling noises in your pipes, and uncharacteristically good growth in your yard are signs of cesspool problems that suggest build-up or overflow. If your pipes back up, you should have your cesspool looked at right away.

There are several homemade solutions for clearing a clogged sink that don’t involve pouring harsh chemicals down your drain. Start by pouring hot (but not boiling) water down the drain. This can help dissolve and flush away grease and gunk. A splash of dish soap down the drain can also cut through fat and make it easier to clear the drain. For a more stubborn blockage, grab a plunger and give it a few firm pumps to dislodge the clog.

You can check your own septic tank, but take precautions. Locate the access lid, usually buried a few inches underground, and remove it carefully. Look for the sludge and scum levels, and if they’re high, that means pumping may be necessary. Check for odors, slow drains, or pooling water around the drain field, which could indicate issues. Never enter the tank, as toxic gases can be fatal. All of that being said, a professional inspection is safer and more thorough.