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All plaster walls will crack over time due to normal house settling and expansion and contraction from temperature and moisture changes. Small, thin hairline cracks are generally not serious and are mostly a cosmetic issue. However, larger or more significant cracks can indicate structural problems.

Here's how to tell the difference:

• Cosmetic Cracks: Cracks that are 0.5 cm (0.2 inches) or thinner are typically cosmetic.

• Structural Cracks: Cracks wider than 0.5 cm, excessive or deep cracks, multiple cracks in the same area, or cracks that span around corners can signify a structural or foundation issue. Cracks along the joints where walls meet the ceiling also warrant attention.

For cracks wider than 0.5 cm, structural repair is needed. If a crack is 2.5 cm (1 inch) or wider, or if you notice any signs of a structural problem, it is best to contact a plaster repair professional to assess the damage.

How long it takes to repair a ceiling depends on the extent of the damage. Patching a small hole might only take a few minutes, while repairing a water-damaged section of the ceiling could take hours. If there are structural issues, expect your ceiling repair to take several days or longer.

The cost to repair a ceiling after a water leak can vary, with averages ranging from $419 to $1,359, or $45 to $55 per square foot. Smaller patches may cost around $150. The final price depends on the size of the affected area and the extent of the damage. Remember that you will also need to repair the source of the leak, such as roof damage or a plumbing issue, which can cost an additional $200 to $1,550. Depending on the situation, you might also face costs for repainting or repairing floors. For an accurate estimate, it is best to get a quote from a professional.

If the holes in the plaster are small, you can fill them with layers of patching plaster until they’re filled. After it dries, you can sand the plaster and paint over it. If the hole is much larger, consider using bonding plaster first and then a layer of patching plaster, completing the process with sanding and a layer of paint.