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Solar well pumps range from needing 200 watts of power to as much as 12,000 watts for heavy-duty pumps. Since the most common and cost-friendly solar panels are 100-watt panels, you’ll need between two and 12 panels. The average is between two and eight panels for standard pumps. Based on the average cost of solar panels ($1 to $1.50 per watt), you’d pay between $200 and $1,800 for your well pump solar panels—not including installation.

While you can install solar panels by yourself, it can be a complicated process full of lots of manual labor, risky roof work, and knowledge of electrical wiring. Most solar panel installation projects should be reserved for a trained professional—especially if you plan on connecting your panels to the electrical grid rather than for off-grid use, which doesn’t require utility services.

You shouldn’t hook up a solar panel directly to a battery. That can damage the solar battery and your appliances over time. Instead, install a charge controller between your solar panel and solar battery. Charge controllers regulate voltage, prevent overcharging, and minimize the amount of electrical current to protect your battery from voltage spikes.

The best solar-panel mounting system will depend on your property layout, but you’ll typically want to try for south-facing panels to get the most sun. Roof mounting and wall mounting are both popular, but if your well setup is far away from buildings and other structures you can also set up a freestanding aluminum frame to mount your panels.