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Underpinning is a specific type of foundation repair where a specialist installs deep piers under a foundation to provide additional support. This method is often used when the soil beneath the foundation can no longer evenly support the structure. Foundation repair is an umbrella term that includes many methods. Besides underpinning, other common repairs include foundation crack repair, waterproofing, cosmetic repairs, and concrete block wall stabilization. Often, underpinning is accompanied by other work to address the root cause of the foundation issue, such as regrading the yard to ensure water drains away from the house.

Generally, foundation cracks and repair are not covered by standard homeowners insurance policies. This type of damage is often considered normal wear and tear or a result of poor maintenance, which is the homeowner's responsibility. For example, damage caused by settling, shifting soil, or drainage issues is typically excluded.

However, there are exceptions. Coverage may apply if the foundation damage is a direct result of a covered peril, such as a house fire, a burst pipe, vandalism, or a vehicle accident. Coverage for natural disasters like earthquakes and floods often requires a separate, specific policy or add-on.

Most of the time, normal foundation settling will present as thin cracks in the foundation and minor creaks in the floorboards. In contrast, you can identify foundation issues by wide or uneven foundation cracks, horizontal or step-shaped gaps on the foundation wall, or cracks that go around corners of your foundation. Foundation problems can also cause changes in your living area, like increased humidity, uneven or sloping floors, nail pops in drywall, countertops pulling away from the wall, and windows and doors getting stuck. When in doubt, call in a professional to identify the underlying cause.

The average cost to repair a concrete driveway ranges from approximately $830 to $2,800, with a typical project costing around $1,765. The price varies widely depending on the type and extent of the damage. Minor crack repairs can be as low as $0.10 to $0.15 per linear foot and may be a DIY project. More significant repairs are priced per square foot: replacing a damaged slab costs about $6 to $14, while raising or leveling sunken concrete costs $3 to $25. Resurfacing is another option, costing around $3 to $5 per square foot. Factors influencing the total price include the size of the affected area, whether reinforcement is needed, and labor costs.