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The primary difference between a water softener and a water filter lies in what they remove from the water. A water softener is designed to remove hard minerals like calcium and magnesium. In contrast, a water filter has a broader effect, removing various contaminants above a certain size, which can include bacteria and other impurities.

To decide which you need, consider your goal. If you want to eliminate hard minerals, choose a softener. If you want to remove a wide range of contaminants, a filter is the better option. Filters are also generally less expensive to install. Depending on your water supply, you may need to install both for comprehensive treatment.

Hard water is not considered unhealthy and is safe to drink, cook with, and bathe in. It doesn't pose a risk to your physical health and can even help you get enough essential minerals like calcium in your diet. However, it can negatively affect skin and hair. Using hard water for washing can contribute to dry skin, an itchy scalp, and may worsen conditions like eczema by altering the pH balance. Additionally, some people do not like the taste of hard water.

Installing a water softener could help reduce calcium buildup in your pool if your pool has high calcium hardness as a result of hard drinking water in your home. Pool softeners work by exchanging calcium and magnesium for sodium, so if you use softened water to top off your pool, it may help keep calcium hardness from rising over time. However, it won’t lower the calcium hardness of the water already in your pool and isn’t a practical way to control pool calcium levels. The average water softener installation cost is between $200 and $6,000.

You can decide whether you need a water softener or water filter based on how your bathing or laundry experience is. If you notice issues like limescale buildup, dry skin, or stains on dishes—all telltale signs of hard water—you'd likely benefit from a water softener. However, if your main concern is over chemicals or bacteria in your tap water filter, and not just comfort, a filter is a better option.