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For a large tree, roots can take 5 to 10 years to completely decay after a stump dies. But that’s rarely a concern for above-ground plants and growth. You can choose to grind up a stump immediately after felling a tree (although it will be tougher wood), or you can wait several months up to a year for the stump to decay. When finished, you can leave any leftover roots in the ground to decompose.

You don’t always need a permit to grind a stump, but you might need one depending on your location and the stump’s surroundings. Permits are often needed if the stump is part of a protected tree species, near public areas or utility lines, or close to environmentally sensitive zones like wetlands. Some cities also regulate noise and work hours. Always check local rules before grinding, and contact your city or county office if you're unsure.

While the fastest way to kill a tree is to simply cut it down, there are several other methods to choose from. You should hire a professional tree removal service to cut down a tree to ensure your personal and property safety. Some slower but effective options include treating or grinding the tree stump or using a basal bark treatment. 

Vinegar is another household item that can kill a tree stump over time. Vinegar’s acetic acid works to dissolve the stump’s outer layer through its carbohydrates. However, this compound alone is not enough to kill a large tree stump or one in a hard-to-reach spot. Other methods like stump grinding and applying herbicides work much faster and more effectively than using vinegar.